Buried beneath kilometres-thick slabs of ice are rivers and huge lakes - some of which are teeming with microbes that thrive in a world without light or oxygen.
The Chinese icebreaker Xue Long sails from Fremantle Harbour on its way home from Antarctica.
Bahnfrend/Wikimedia Commons
Australia and China both have a keen interest in the frozen continent. And while they don’t agree on everything, there is great scope for scientific collaboration.
Australia (whose flag is pictured on the right) is one of several countries with a big stake in the South Pole.
Josh Landis/US NSF/Wikimedia
A warming Earth could see invading species arrive in Antarctica via the floating “taxi service” of the sea. That could be a threat to the southern continent’s delicate ecosystem.
Ancient air bubbles preserved in Antarctic ice.
The Ellsworth Mountains Project
New mapping shows how Antarctica’s huge Totten Glacier has retreated far inland, raising sea levels by more than a metre. Rising temperatures could trigger it to do so again.
Tasmania’s Cape Grim monitoring station passed a crucial carbon dioxide threshold this month.
Bureau of Meteorology
Atmospheric carbon dioxide measurements at Tasmania’s Cape Grim and Antarctica’s Casy Station have now officially passed 400 parts per million and are likely to stay above that for decades to come.
The past century hasn’t seen the worst drought that Australia’s climate can throw at us.
CSIRO/Wikimedia Commons
A new millennium-long record reveals that Australia has suffered longer droughts and wet periods than those recorded in the past century’s weather observations.
Research expeditions, like this one to Antarctica, don’t have to rely on governments for funding.
A. Turney
In an atmosphere of declining government funding for science, researchers can drum up excitement and funding in other ways, just as they did in Edwardian times.
A burst of ghostly neutrinos may have been generated by a quasar like this.
ESO/M. Kornmesser
Could sea levels really rise by several metres this century. Probably not, although this century’s greenhouse emissions could potentially set the stage for large rises in centuries to come.
Where the ice meets the sea: Antarctica’s ice shelves play a key role in how fast ice sheets melt.
Antarctica image from www.shutterstock.com
Antarctica’s blue whales all feed in the same place. But a new genetic analysis suggests they are actually three separate populations that breed in different parts of the globe.
Million-year-old ice likely lies more than 3km below Antarctica’s surface.
Tas van Ommen
The Paris agreement has given us some solid targets to aim for in terms of limiting global warming. But that in turn begs a whole range of new scientific questions.
A portion of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet, called Wilkes Land, flowing into the ocean.
Michael Hambrey/Glaciers online net
Distinguished Professor and Deputy Director of ARC Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future (SAEF), University of Wollongong, University of Wollongong